computer security

At the moment we must think about the risk that will appear as the data can be lost, sending the false, the spread of the virus and a firewall, peyalahgunaan data privacy, pornography and others. Computer security is very necessary and very useful for computer users komputer.Keamanan change and grow more sophisticated every day in accordance with the development of IT. In the use of the Internet computer security is very important to prevent haker, craker and advanced IT carder.Semakin more smart people trying to destroy the existing system.

Differences between haker, craker, and carder is from what they do.
• Haker is a person who has entered into the system but the only entrance without damaging the system and sometimes tell the weakness of the kepadaperusahaan concerned.
• Carder are already into the system and try to destroy the existing system.
• Carder is the break credit card online by logging in to

damage the system and utilize the data. so we must provide security such as computer

• install antivirus and firewall
• menenkripsikan data we
• we need to understand about the management session

When these is done then we will be safe in HERE.
"Do not so insular that people are not happy to see other people's success"

Crime in the virtual world

Credit card soft target
Ingatkah you still controls a network of Internet gambling in Hong Kong, Indonesia Tripe, Havant? Or when a user account on the site Friendster install image engineering President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono middle bermesraan with Bambang Trihatmodjo? That is the virtual world.

The computer revolution and the development of information technology and telecommunications has still to be expensive goods in Indonesia. According to the Association of Indonesian Internet Service Providers (APJII), only about 10 percent of Indonesia's 220 million people who know computers. In fact, according to the expert Roy Suryo telecommunications service, only 6.6 percent, or approximately 14.4 million people of Indonesia through a computer.

Although less than 10 percent of residents who recognize the computer, Indonesia has become a paradise for perpetrators of crimes virtual world (cyber Crime). According to data provider of telecommunications services and information (content) e-commerce, Indonesia last year ranked third in the world, under a number of East European countries. In fact, in 2002, Indonesia ranked second in the cases of crime in the digital world. Indonesia defeated only by Ukraine, one of the country's socialist fraction Soviet Union.

Note the Association of Indonesian Internet Service Providers (APJII) mentions the number of crimes covered mid-2006 to 27,804 cases. That includes spam, abuse of network information technology (IT), open proxies (exploit weaknesses network), and the misuse of credit cards.

In outline, cyber Crime consists of two types, namely a crime to use IT facilities as a crime and that makes the systems and IT facilities as targets. Some digital mode that uses crime as the IT facilities, among others, financial fraud with digital media communications (banking fraud).

The perpetrator intentionally create the site and traps that address similar to the original fiturnya to entice customers to enter a careless account number and password.

When trapped, in a glance all you switch savings accounts, can not even account number in the Cayman Island or other countries bran the screen. The case never befall our customers a mobile banking largest national bank Bank Central Asia, which fall into the false site.

"Mode that site name type, namely the perpetrators of crime by creating the false name of the site is the same with the original site. If you change the home page of the web name it," said Kanit Cybercrime Bareskrim National Police Headquarter Peter Golese.

New types of digital crime, which is quite a lot of people they are Phishing scams, or by e-mail. Phishing is a technique to search for personal information (email addresses, account numbers and other personal data) to send e-mail that seems to come from the bank.

Meanwhile, the digital crime that is aimed at IT equipment, among other defacting and hacking. Both are aimed at stealing the data in other people's data communication network, or simply penetration of the computer network system for privacy and aims to make the system failed to function (denial of service / DoS).

For the attempt to enter the network system simply to "weasel science," the frontier called hackers. Meanwhile, the objective of which damage the network often called cracker.

You still remember with hacker attacks to the server the General Election Commission (KPU) and the Golkar Party site? Perpetrators who confess and then caught only want to fool around at the same time remind the IT network managers of the previous KPU quality in the media that the network's 100 percent immune hacker attacks. Mode, which is often used by pembobol this network, among others, spreading viruses, worms, backdoor, or Trojan on a computer device organizations that lead to the opening of the access-access for those who are not entitled.

The form of digital crime, which most often occur in Indonesia is the number and password stealing a credit card for transactions at shopping sites, such as E-Bay and Amazon. Perpetrators often called carder. E-commerce categorize Indonesia as a paradise carder. Carder main center in Indonesia is sequentially Semarang, Yogyakarta, Medan, Bandung, Jakarta, Denpasar and Surabaya.

Because of a bad reputation, until now very difficult for people who use the Internet protocol address (IP Address) Indonesian origin legally to shop in the shopping site. In fact, occurred several cases of rejection credit card issued by the global network in Indonesia that brought their owners to travel abroad.

Heru Nugroho, Secretary General of the Association of Indonesian Internet Service providers (APJII), said the number of Internet Protocol addresses version four (IPv4) in Indonesia until the end of 2006 and 2675 is estimated to be six versions (IPv6) was 131,073.

"A number of IP addresses known to have been used for unauthorized credit card crime and terrorism in Indonesia," he said. Police so far reveal a number of successful actors carder in Jogjakarta, Semarang, and Bandung. However, the amount is not significant.

Last week, journalists of this newspaper found a Sony Vaio brand laptop that originally worth Rp 21 million sold only with the price of Rp 4.5 million in a "store" results of goods in the region carding Menteng, Central Jakarta. Not only computers, goods breast nipple-shoe brands such as Timberland and belt Dolce & Gabbana sold at only 15-20 percent of its original price.

"Indeed, most of the actors carding initially only to meet the lifestyle. Heru Nugroho, and I had to help police catch a carder in Yogyakarta, which use a credit card owned by U.S. citizens to buy a jacket and gloves," said Roy Suryo.

The value losses carding also continue to increase. In 2003, Police recorded hundreds of cases, carding a loss of new ranges million USD in 1296. A year later, losses increased to EUR 4,543 million. End years ago, the executive council estimate the losses due to credit card piercing reach USD 6-7 million.

Pembobol traditional mode of catch data card is a credit card transaction from the conventional, for example, payment by credit card at the hotel, travel agency, restaurants, and souvenir shops. They also diligently observe the movement of digital data to sniffing.

As a community klandestin, also known as the carder is not stingy share numbers and passwords credit card with another carder. In various mailing lists, you will easily find the number and password the original credit card, even with a frill porn site recommended to the arena of the pilot.

Mode that is currently developing a group of people in several countries, do me a credit card fraud is organized and cross country. "Recruitment" members of the network is usually carried out through chat.

Because the IP address of Indonesia rejected the majority (especially Semarang and Yogyakarta), carder to register itself with the IP address outside the country. Then he stores in shopping online and send the goods to a friend in another country. From that country, the goods sent to Indonesia by courier services.

An investigator in the medium Cybercrime Unit Bareskrim unfold, years ago the National Police Headquarter received 278 reports of cases of crimes digital. However, not one of the perpetrator to court by investigators because the lack of evidence.

Regarding the Wakapolri Komjen Pol Padmanegara recognize the difficulty of effective investigation on the lack of evidence.

"Crimes of the virtual world is indeed difficult to pembuktiannnya. Bend this cyber crime, cyber must also disprove.

HOW SECURE INTERNET ACCESS

At the time this is not the Internet becomes more expensive. All people can do it from small children to adults. Up-up, we can forget the time because keaksyikan.

now, computer users in Indonesia, most of the use of Microsoft Windows as the operating system, the following are some steps to prevent intruders into your computer:

Operating System Upgrade
To upgrade the operating system to a new, at least keep the program last provided.

* Users of Microsoft Windows XP to upgrade to Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack (SP) 2.
* For users of Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/NT, recommended to upgrade to a higher level.
* Closing the grip of a security system in operation by installing the latest security patches.

Use a firewall

Firewalls help protect computers from malicious hackers, worms, spyware and some

* Use the Windows Firewall (available in Windows XP SP2) or products other good firewall should buy and free. Some commercial firewall program is ZoneAlarm, Agnitum Outpost Personal Firewall, Checkpoint Firewall, etc.. While the free Comodo Personal Firewall, Sunbelt Personal Firewall,
* For users of broadband Internet, make sure you already have a router firewall.

Install Antivirus

Antivirus protect us from access to computer viruses and malicious attacks such as worms and Trojan. Antivirus to detect viruses, Trojan, and worms that dwells in a computer and scanner to perform incoming email and outgoing email. The most important are:

* Make sure you always Antivirus set to update knowledge about the latest viruses.
* Make sure your Antivirus program also is the last version.
Do not open email attachments from people you do not know.
* Make scanner (scanning) to the removable devices such as external hard disks, USB disk, or CD / DVD, which sometimes activate the auto-run.

Change Password as often as possible

The most important thing you do is change the password that you use as often as possible, also for any of the hacker can steal your username and password will not be useful if your password has been changed when the hacker was trying to enter the Internet business website that you follow.
It is recommended to change the password each day after doing the activity and want to log out from an internet website business, what a time one minute for the security of your money. Please note to always remove the email confirmation that the password changes into your email inbox, there are listed in the username and password that you replace the new, after deleting the email confirmation do not forget to empty the trash / trash your email.

Do not Terkecoh false by Email

If you medapatkankan email as if from the manages the Internet business website or e-gold, which you follow and ask you to send your username and password, do not pay attention and immediately delete the email, do not click on any links that exist and do not open attachments that are included , The management of the Internet business and e-gold never send such an email.

Use the Favorite or Bookmark

On the Internet browser that you use the menu at the top of any screen or BOOKMARKS called Favorites, save the URL address of the website that you follow here and make sure to always access the website via the Favorites menu or BOOKMARKS this,
This is intended to ensure that you go to the website is really the internet business website that you follow, because many of the efforts username and password theft by making false website that exactly the same as the original, with a URL similar to the original.
If in the conduct of activities you find that even the appearance of the page and change the connection is lost then the page appears asking you to enter a username and password, then you should exit the browser (exit) and then re-open the browser and go to that site only from your Favorites or BOOKMARKS , A new start again from the beginning with the log enter your username and password.

Eliminate Your Tracks

Windows and your browser will usually save files cookies, history or record your activities when about, this is a source of information for hackers to know the activities and also steal your username and password that you use in about besides that, the hacker also includes files of data thieves in their folders that save cookies and history is on your computer. (Cookies = file to the computer when we visit a website; History = list about activity when we are saved by the browser we use).

Set up a business WITHOUT MONEY

Whether we can start a business without money have ???????
Each person would never ask in the can or not? I think it may be. Why not? If we are able to optimize our thinking, it will be many roads that can be applied to the problem of capital to start a business we can. Only problem for the capital, we can start a business. Only problem is, money that comes from? Logically, all the business that need capital money. Indeed, most of us always complain that the lack of capital money as the reason why we are reluctant to pay tribute. Actually, the most vital capital was not the money, but the non-physical capital, namely the form of motivation and courage that mengebu start-gebu.

I am sure, if it can not be fulfilled, then the search for capital money is not the issue that is not possible, though personally we do not have the money. While we know that business opportunities have been there in front of the eye. Of course, how well, if we do not delay to start the business.

We know that many sources of capital. Such as savings, money Pesangon, and bank loans in the cooperative or from financial institutions or from other parties. However, if we had not have savings, money or Pesangon say there is no courage to borrow money in the bank or cooperative, I think we also need not worry. Because there is a way to start a business, although we do not even have the cash.

For example, which is very simple, we can become a mediator. For example, a interpose selling and buying houses, selling and buying motorcycles and others. The advantage that we can be of the sales commission or other ways of the agreement with the owners of our products. I am sure, we can certainly do so.

It is also, for example, there are people who order the goods on us, but before the goods are ordered so that the consumers have to give advance first. This means, the same we have been given capital by consumers.

Therefore, I think, should we need not lose heart or fear deemed low, when in fact we did not have the cash but keen to start a business. I am sure, we have the cash but keen to start a business. I am sure, we have a great willingness to become an entrepreneur or Entrepreneurs, then at least there will always be a way to start a business.
All acts, if not join with prayer and the business will not be. Starting something will pass through barricades and obstacles therein but we will know how much the spirit of maturity and ourselves.
... ... The spirit of the spirit.

Trojan viruses, worms, spyware

Virus Definitions and friends (Variant Viruses):
1. Computer Virus understanding of the general
Computer virus is a computer program that duplicate or reproduce themselves by inserting copies, or copy itself to the media in the storage documentation and to the network secretly without the user's computer. The effects of computer viruses vary greatly, ranging from only messages appear strange to damage the computer and delete a file or document it.

2. The definition Variant Worm Virus, Trojan and Spyware
a. Worm
Worm is a security hole or slit our weaknesses on the computer that allows the virus infected computer without the execution of a file that generally occur on the network.
b. Trojan
Trojan is a program that allows computer controlled other people through a network or the Internet.
c. Spyware
Spyware is an application that leaking information data user behavior or habits in using computers to outside parties without us realized. Usually used by the advertiser.
If we see a gaffe on the storage media such as a file named strange that we have not created or not the file type of application / application as the application but then we do not click, we go to or we run the computer virus is not transmitted to the computer that we use.
We Can Tanda-Tanda/Ciri-Ciri Computer / Computer Virus infected:
- Computer running slow from normal
- Often the message out eror or exotic
- Changes in computer display
- Media storage such as floppy disks, to bring, and so directly copy the files without our coffee strange when we connect to the computer.
- Computer restart like yourself or crashes when running.
- Like it or writing messages appear strange
- Computers hang or stop responding to us.
- Hard drives are not accessible
- Printer and other devices can not be used, although there is no problem of hardware and software drivers.
- Often there is a menu or dialog box that error or damaged.
- The loss of some basic computer functions.
- Computers trying connect with the Internet or a network without our order.
- Files that we store on computers or storage media lost it or hidden viruses. and other ...
Examples of the media of spreading a computer virus from one computer to another computer:
- Storage media (diskettes, bring, external hard drives, zipdisk, CD, DVD, Bluray disc, cartridge, etc.)
- Network lan, wan, man, and others.
- File attachment or a file attachment in an email or other electronic messages.
- File software (software) be a computer virus.
The most powerful way that we are not affected by computer viruses is by installing a computer program that the original is not original or pirated not be a virus and friends, do not connect with computer networks or the Internet, and never opening or executing files that originate from a computer other.
But the way it is too extreme and less Stop the use of computers in day-to-day because we normally do the exchange of data or computer files with other forms of work files, image files, file attachments, music files, video files, and others.
So to avoid computer viruses were diinfeksi and then we must be vigilant in interact with files from other computers, files from storage media from other people, email attachment, the file exchange network, computer security holes, and others. Install a good antivirus software updated regularly and a firewall program for the network and anti-spyware and adware to combat other types of computer interference.

IMPORTANCE Central Bank oversees BANK SYARIAH

The root of the crisis which now runs the U.S. is certainly can be traced back
to the years when Alan Greenspan served as Chairman of the U.S. Federal
Reserve. At the time, money easily obtained and regulations do not
tight. Housing credit with the famous "no income, no job and no
assets is clear evidence of negligence regulatory body
concerned. (Eswar Prasad, Koran Tempo, 15 October 2008)
Learning from the mistakes the U.S. regulatory agencies on the page should be
valuable lessons for the banking industry in Indonesia, especially
for Bank Indonesia as a regulatory body that oversees the industry
improve the national banking system, including supervision of the banking
sharia, which is the rapid development.
From the above, the conclusion can be drawn that the importance of Bank Indonesia
improve the supervision of the bank because:
1.teachings of Islam is certainly correct, but System
Sharia is not the economic value of absolute truth because the System
Economic Sharia is the result of human interpretation of the Al-Koran
and the Sunnah, so it must continue its always criticized,
especially the run Economic System Sharia is the human-human
also not escape from errors.
2.capitalist system weaknesses economic system will make people in
throughout the world, including Indonesia does not start again with confidence
capitalist economic system and the system will switch to other economic
including the economic system of sharia
3.if sharia economic system run by humans - humans
have a moral evil (the moral Hazard), the sharia economic system
can also experience a collapse such as that experienced by the system
capitalist economy. If the sharia economic system will collapse
cause mistrust community not only to the system
economic sharia itself but also to the teachings of Islam
overall.
Because the third page the reason, Bank Indonesia is expected to continuously improve the monitoring of sharia bank to bank irregularities do not sharia - irregularities that will make sharia bank to collapse.

PRINCIPLES IN BANKING SYARIAH

Be distinguished in 3 principles, namely:
Principles of trading
Principles rent
Principles for the results
Supplement Principle contract

1.Prinsip Sell buy
Principles is the principle of selling and buying related to the movement of goods or property ownership. Bank's profit level is determined in the future and become part of the price of goods sold. Transactions trading on the distinguished form of payment and delivery of the goods as follows:

a. Financing murabahah
Bank to act as the seller and the buyer as a customer. The selling price is the price of the Bank of suppliers, plus benefits. Both parties must agree on the selling price and the payment period. The selling price be included in the sale and purchase contract, and not changed during the contract's expiry. In this transaction the goods are submitted after the contract, while the payment is done respite.

b. Regard
Buy and sell transactions where the goods are not there. Therefore, goods are downright, is a payment in cash. The Bank acted as a buyer, the seller as a client. Overview of the transaction is similar to buying and selling ijon, but in one, quantity, quality, price and time of delivery of the goods specified exactly. In practice, goods that have been submitted to the Bank, the Bank may sell the goods back in cash or installment. The sale price is the price of the set, plus benefits.
Generally, the transaction is applied in the financing of goods that have not yet exist, such as the purchase of agricultural commodities by the bank, then sold back for cash or installment.

c. Istishna
Resembles one, but the payment can be made by several banks in terms of payment. Istishna Bank scheme in the Sharia, public financing is done for manufacturing and construction. Specifications goods orders must be clear, such as the type, size, quality and amount. Selling price listed in the contract istishna and should not be changed during the contract's expiry.

2. Principles lease (Ijarah)
Transactions ijarah understanding of the benefits of the movement. When buying and selling of objects in the transaction is the goods, then the object ijarah services. At the end of the lease, the bank can sell goods to customers disewakannya. The selling price and the price agreed on the rental agreement early.

For 3.Prinsip Results
Principles for the results of the two divided, namely:
a. Musyarakah
Musyarakah transaction was the desire of the parties to work together to increase the value of the assets that they own together.
Conditions common: All are united together to be the capital of capital projects musyarakah and managed together. Each owner the right to take the capital and in determining the policies of the business is run by implementing the project.
b. Mudharabah
Is a form of cooperation between 2 (two) or more parties where the owners of capital amounting to commit capital to the manager (mudharib) with a profit sharing agreement.

4. Akad Pelengkap
To facilitate financing agency, is required supplementary contract. Although not intended profit, the contract allowed to ask supplementary replacement costs spent to implement this contract. Large replacement cost just to cover the cost of actually arise.
a. Hiwalah (instead receivables)
This facility is common for suppliers to help get the cash capital to be able to continue production. Bank recover the cost of the transplant service receivables.
b. Rahn (mortgage)
To provide assurance of repayment to the Bank in providing financing. Pawned goods must meet the criteria: a) owned by the customers themselves, b) Clearly, the size, nature and value, is determined based on the real market value, c) can be mastered, but not to be used by the bank.
c. Qard
It is borrowing money.
d. Wakalah (representative)
Occurs when a customer gives the Bank the power to represent themselves to implement specific employment services, such as bookkeeping L / C (Letter of Credit), collection and transfer money.
e. Kafalah (Bank Garnsi)
Given with the aim to guarantee the payment obligations of a payment. Bank may require customers to place some funds to this facility as rahn (mortgage), and the Bank may also receive these funds with the principles wadiah. Bank allowed to get replacement cost of the services provided.

BASIC-BASIC BANKING SYARIAH

Islamic banking is a form of financial services ethical principles which basically comes from Sharia. Important element of Sharia is the prohibition of interest (Aba), both nominal, or a simple flower to flower, blooming flower and still float. Other elements include the emphasis on a contract that is fair, with the financial relationship between productivity, the desire to share the benefits and the prohibition against gambling, and various other uncertainties.

View From The Capital
Islamic law states clearly that their financing of capital than debt financing. Requires partnership and division of profits, in which we can compare between contemporary forms of capital Ventura (venture capital), management of investment (investment management) and project financing (project financing). In financial markets, investing in stocks and funds permitted throughout the capital to meet the rules set. By investing the ethical and responsible, companies and industries that can not be ignored (not included) on the basis of qualitative criteria (of business) and quantitative criteria (with the level of interest). Islamic investment also does not permit speculation, short-Selling, conventional debt instruments and derivatives transactions conventional. This view is based on the prohibition of interest (usury), gambling and various types of uncertainty in Islamic law.

View From The Debt
Conventional debt financing is not permitted in Islamic banking because of the prohibition against interest (usury). However beragunan debt financing assets (asset-backed debt financing) can be designed, on the basis of sales contracts (Ijarah), which provide an alternative to fixed income than conventional debt financing. Capital providers must have ownership of the asset (though only temporarily) and bear the risks contained in the ownership. Currently, financing cash (Tawarruq) has also introduced the concept of reverse murabahah.

Islamic Banking Development IN INDONESIA

Stub practice Islamic banking in Indonesia started in the early period of the 1980s, through the discussions forced the bank Islam as the economic pillars of Islam. Leaders who are involved in an examination, to mention a few, including a Karnaen A Perwataatmadja, M Dawam Rahardjo, AM Saefuddin, and M Amien Azis. As the pilot, the idea of Islam practiced in the banking sector is relatively limited scale of the Bandung (Temple of At-Tamwil Salman ITB) and in Jakarta (Cooperative Ridho girl). As an illustration, M Dawam Rahardjo in his writings had a recommendation Syari'at Islamic Bank as an alternative concept to avoid the prohibition of usury, while trying to answer the challenges of financing for development needs of business and economic community. On the face of the solution mentioned by financing transactions based on the three modes, namely, mudlarabah, musyarakah and murabahah.
Initiative more specific about the establishment of Bank Islam in Indonesia is carried out in 1990. On 18 - 20 August the year, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) organized the workshop and bank interest banking in Cisarua, Bogor, West Java. The results of the workshop and discussed further in the National IV MUI agreement in Jakarta 22 - 25 August 1990, which resulted in a mandate for the establishment of working groups to establish Islamic bank in Indonesia. Working group called Team Banking referred to the MUI given the task to approach and consultation with all relevant parties.
As a result of team work Banking MUI is the establishment of PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI), according to the deed establishment, founded on 1 November 1991. Since May 1 1992, BMI operates with the official initial capital of Rp 106.126.382.000, -. Until September 1999, has a BMI more than 45 outlets across Indonesia.
Bank birth of Islam in Indonesia is relatively late compared with other countries, fellow members of the Organization of Islamic Conference. This is an irony, given the government of Indonesia who represented the Minister of Finance Ali Yung, several times in the trial OKI simply defend the realization of the concept of active Islamic bank, but not implemented in the country. KH Hasan Basri, who at that time as Chairman of the MUI that the conditions provide answers to delay the establishment of Bank Islam in Indonesia because of political-will not support.
Next to invited its Invite-Law No.. 10 Year 1998 on Changes Top law. 7 / 1992 on Banking, BMI is the only bank that has business activities in the above apply Islamic Indonesia. Just after it was founded several other Islamic Bank, which is to open a branch of Bank IFI Sharia on 28 June 1999, Bank Syariah Mandiri, which is the conversion of the Bank Susila Bakti (BSB), a subsidiary of Bank Mandiri, and the establishment of five new branches form of sharia branch PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. As of February 2000, recorded in the Bank of Indonesia that banks have to apply to open a branch of sharia, namely: Commerce Bank, Bank BTN, Bank Mega, Bank BRI, Bank Bukopin, and BPD BPD Jabar Aceh.

BANKING CONCEPT SYARIAH

In general understanding of Bank Islam (Islamic Bank) is a bank operation that is adapted to apply Islamic principles. Currently, many terms that are given to some entity other than the term Islamic Bank of Bank Islam itself, namely the Bank Without Interest (Interest-Free Bank), Bank Without Aba (Lariba Bank), and Bank of Sharia (Shari'a Bank). As will be discussed later, in a technical designation judicial practice Islamic Bank official terms the "Bank Sharia," or a full-called "Bank based on Sharia principles."
Banking laws of Indonesia, namely Law No. 7 / 1992 on Banking, as amended by Law No. 10 Year 1998 (next to the interests of this abbreviated UUPI), to distinguish a bank based activities into two, namely the banks that conduct business activities and conventional banks that conduct business activities based on the principles of sharia. As mentioned in point 13 Article 1 UUPI provide an understanding of the principles of sharia restrictions as the rule of Islamic law based on the agreement between the Bank and other parties for funds and / or financing business activities, or other activities which are stated in accordance with the Sharia, among others, based on the principles for financing results (mudharabah), based on the principles of financing capital investment (musharakah), principles of buying and selling goods with profit (murabahah), or the financing of capital goods based on the principles of pure, without the option to rent (ijarah), or with the option transfer ownership of the goods which are rented from the Bank by the other party (ijarah of iqtina).
Bank Syariah functions in line with the big banks are no different from conventional, ie, as intermediary institutions (an intermediary institution) that mobilize funds from the community and re-distribute funds to communities that need it in the form of financing facilities. The main difference lies in the type of benefits that are taken from the bank transactions that are carried out. When conventional banks base their profits from the interest rate, Bank Syariah from what is called as the benefits, either in the form of services (fee-based income) and mark-ups or profit margins, and the results (profit and loss sharing).
Besides dilibatkannya Islamic law and the exemption from the transaction mechanism of interest (interest free), other unique position of the Bank Syariah compared with conventional banks are Bank Syariah diperbolehkannya perform business activities that are multi-finance and trade (trading). This is related to the nature of the transaction, which the Bank is a Sharia investment and trading is very diverse and implementation of the Sharia Bank can be made, such as financing with the principles murabahah (trading), ijarah (rental) or ijarah of iqtina (lease) and other -other.
This paper made with the main objective to provide escort for the history of Bank Islam in Indonesia with a discussion concerning the development of the basic theory, institutional and legal positive about Islamic Banking. However, given Islamic banking is not a phenomenon typical of Indonesia and its development may not occur without the influence of the outside world, the previous chapter will discuss the development of Islamic banking in general outside the U.S. and internationally.

ECONOMIC WELFARE SYARIAH

Economic prosperity is only on the conventional material welfare alone, ignoring the moral and spiritual welfare. Economic welfare of sharia aims to achieve human welfare, the welfare of the material, moral and spiritual welfare. The concept of economic prosperity based on the sharia not only manifestation of economic value, but also moral and spiritual values, social values and political Islamic values. Thus, the economic welfare of sharia have a more comprehensive concept (Mannan, 1970:358).
Economic welfare of sharia can be defined as a branch of economics that help realize the human welfare through an allocation and distribution of resources in time with a rare goal, without restrain the freedom of individuals, creating macroeconomic balance and the ongoing ecological, or weaken family solidarity and social and network of moral community. Goals encourage human welfare will help provide a clear direction for both theoretical discussion and policy prescriptions (Chapra, 2001:108).

get business done

To benefit more done with a pleated mengotak-atik income and costs. Because the formula is the income benefits reduced cost. The first step is done with income menggenjot do with aggressive marketing. Revenue is the multiplication of the price with the volume of sales. Various marketing strategies used to increase the volume of sales, from the cost leadership strategy in a holistic strategy to differentiation. Not enough with that strategy, plus more focus, focus on the leadership of both costs and focus extensively on differentiation. Cost leadership strategy in a holistic weight advantages compared to competitors and price differentiation strategies on the benefits of the product, personnel, services, channels and the image compared to competitors. Meanwhile, to reduce costs by making efficiency soundly in all lines. Sometimes even lines on the development of human resources, facilities such as education, training, health benefits and sebagaya trimmed out. But thus trimming the cost of the development of human resources that the company is dropping, because the effect on the company's overall revenue. This caused the fall of the business to employees.

start the business of education

Many complained that to open a business opportunity is not there. This is a classic complaint that can not be with us again. Indeed, to start a business we can do with a variety of ways, one with the education that we have. Jerry Yang and David Filo, the founders of Yahoo start a business with education. They are students from Stanford University. Yahoo started from the back parking lots is now growing rapidly. Jerry Yang and David Filo started the business from small and simple. Jerry Yang describes the discovery that Yahoo is "an accident" when he and Filo tesisnya complete. Filo and that this launch Yahoo when they sit in the universities, before they complete studies. They start doing business with the listing several web sites that they like and write some software that allows a website to get other web sites that will be placed on a web portal called. At the time established in 1994, named Terry's Guide To The World Wide Web. When they know that their sites visited by people from 90 countries, spontaneously say "Yahoo" and finally the words that are used to name their company. In 1999, Yahoo reach star status. Net income in quadruplicate fourth quarter of 57.6 million dollars, while revenue jump from 91 million dollars into 201 million dollars. Now, Yahoo is the best portal in 2002.

Risk management at the bank's shariah

Business is an activity that always faced with the risk and return.bank sharia is the one business unit. Thus, the syariah banks will also face the risk management of the bank itself. Sharia bank is a bank with a full risk. In the specific risks that will cause the level of benefits bervariasinya banks include: liquidity risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, risk capital.

There are several reasons why risk management should be applied in the bank, and why so important, if we again more carefully, especially with the implementation of Bassel II Accord, which is a refinement of the Accord Bassel I, is not the risk of global events that occurred in Enron, where there have been kecerobahan or manipulation of data, therefore, the two leaders fokal in parliament, called the United States Sarbone Oxley, so each must laopran financial cmply with regulations or Sarbone Oxle Sox. Terilham from it berimbas to the banking sector to implement risk management, with the added condition that is not stabilized, causing the bank would not want to risk management

Reasons Why risk management so important
1. The Bank is a services company that incomes derived from the interaction with customers so that the risk may not no
2. By knowing the risks, we can anticipate and take the necessary action in the face of client / problems
3. Can grow a better understanding of the inherent, which is a very important function in the operational activities.

Type of Risk
Credit Risk
• Where is the risk arising from the failure (default) from the other party (the customer / debtor / mudharib in meeting its obligations.
• Credit Risk can happen in the event: Financing, Treasuri and Investment, finance and trade
• Failure to pay the client back murabahah installment
• Failure to pay the client (Scheduled repayment) Ijarah
• Failure to pay the client back (Scheduled repayment) Istishna
• Failure to send a client to the commodity that is bought

PUBLIC BANK SYARIAH

Two main functions of the syariah bank is collecting funds and distributing the funds. The distribution of funds is done by the sharia bank financing to borrowers that need, both for business and capital consumption. The actual financing practices by financial institutions is awakened by the system for financing the results or syirkah. This system is divided into 2, namely: financing mudharabah (MDA) and the financing musyarakah (MSA). Other types of financing are terkemas financing system in the sale, the financing murabahah (mba), as Bai and Bai-a istishna.

Practices MDA and MSA is the business practices that have long applied the same business with dikenalnya terms of trade and commerce. MDA and MSA term in Indonesia uncovered in the new decade of the introduction of financial institutions Marina Park, less than 4 years past. Although in practice the profit and loss sharing (PLS) has long been done by the perpetrators of business in Indonesia.

In general the economic relationship based on sharia spam is determined by the relationship aqad consisting of 5 aqad namely: the principles of savings, pure (al-wadi'ah), the principles for the results (syirkah), the principle sale (at-tijarah), the principle rent (al-ijarah), the principle services (al-ajr walumullah).